Operating Systems

• GNU
  • GNU's Not Unix! - The GNU Project and the Free Software Foundation (FSF)
  • egcs project (GCC)
• Linux
  • Desktop Environments
    • GNOME
    • KDE
      • KMail - Mail Client
        • Kmail password decoding
        • Migrating from KMail to Mozilla Thunderbird
      • User login Pictures
        • Adrien Facélina (eriol)
        • Thomas Hermann (belze)
  • Distributions
    • Comparison of Linux distributions
      • How-To Geek
        • 10 of the Most Popular Linux Distributions Compared (June 2014)
      • Linux.com
        • The Best Linux Distros of 2016
      • TechRadar
        • Best Linux distros
          • Best Linux distros for beginners
    • Popular Distributions
      • Debian
        • Debian on CD/DVD
          • Downloading Debian CD/DVD images via HTTP/FTP
            • Official CD/DVD images of the "stable" release
              • amd64 (64-bit Intel/AMD)
          • Verifying authenticity of Debian CDs
            • How to verify Debian ISO integrity
        • Debian Mozilla team
        • GLX
          • NVIDIA Proprietary Driver
            • NvidiaGraphicsDrivers - Debian Wiki
            • Remove nouveau and install nvidia Driver in Debian 8 - allaboutlinux.eu
            • Procedure to uninstall nvidia drivers and restore nouveau
            • How to remove nvidia-driver from Debian 8 (Jessie)
            • Switching from proprietary Nvidia driver to Nouveau
            • Debian packages
              • nvidia-driver
              • nvidia-glx
              • nvidia-installer-cleanup
              • nvidia-kernel-dkms
              • nvidia-xconfig
          • Problems
            • How can i deal with 'libGL error: failed to load driver: swrast.'
            • 32 bit and 64 bit Nvidia Drivers | swrast driver missing
            • Unable to run Steam on 64-bit Debian Jessie with Nvidia driver 352.55
            • LibGL Error: Failed To Load Driver Swrast
            • Problems with libGl, fbConfigs, swrast through each update?
            • Cannot get glx to work after changing from Nvidia to Nouveau drivers FC24
          • The Mesa 3D Graphics Library
            • Debian packages
              • libgl1-mesa-glx
              • glx-alternative-mesa
              • glx-diversions
        • Problems after a new installation
          • Cannot open display as root
          • "Permission denied" when running an install script on a CD/DVD - mounted "noexec"
        • Releases
        • Upgrades
          • The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ - Keeping your Debian system up-to-date
          • The Debian Administrator's Handbook - Upgrading from One Stable Distribution to the Next
          • Upgrades from Debian 8 (jessie) to Debian 9 (stretch)
        • Wiki
          • mtp
            • KIO
          • Software
            • Internet and Networks
              • Web
                • FlashPlayer
          • System Administration
            • Backup and Recovery
        • Wikipedia
      • Red Hat
      • SUSE Linux distributions
        • SUSE
        • openSUSE
          • ftp.opensuse.org
            • Distribution - download.opensuse.org
              • Mirrors for http://download.opensuse.org/distribution/11.1/iso/openSUSE-11.1-DVD-i586.iso
          • How to mount your NTFS Filesystem/Partition for Read/Write Access in openSUSE 10, 11
          • Main Page
            • Support
              • Documentation
              • Support Database (SDB)
                • Configuring graphics cards and monitor settings
                  • Problems
                    • Panel disappears after an external monitor is unplugged
                    • xrandr shows two displays (LVDS1), but how can I use VGA1 only?
                • Download help
                  • Burn the ISO image(s) to DVD
          • Software Search
          • Wikipedia
          • Releases
            • SUSE 10.0
              • Hardware
                • suse 10.0 und epson cx3650
              • Software
                • Getting proper media support with MPlayer
                • Restricted Formats
                • Restricted Formats/10.0
                • The Jem Report - Hacking OpenSUSE
                • Updates
                  • ftp.suse.com
            • SUSE 10.1
              • 3 Ways of Upgrading to SuSE Linux 10.1
            • openSUSE 11.0
              • Setup and Configure openSUSE 11.0
            • openSUSE 11.1
              • Further Securing OpenSuSE 11.1 Against SSH Script Attacks
              • NEWBIES - Suse-11.1 Pre-installation - PLEASE READ
              • openSUSE 11.1 Installation and Setup
            • openSUSE 11.2
              • openSUSE 11.2 Setup and Review
            • openSUSE 11.4
              • Configuring Hostname and DNS
              • Installation of openSUSE Linux 11.4
              • Restricted formats/11.4
            • openSUSE 42.1
      • Ubuntu
        • Available Releases
        • Reviews
          • Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (Focal Fossa) operating system review
          • The controversial Ubuntu 18.04 LTS is now available to download
            • Two-thirds of Ubuntu users are happy to give up data on their PC
        • Tips
          • Change hostname, Debian / Ubuntu
          • Dual booting with Windows
            • BitLocker & Ubuntu installation
            • Dual Booting Ubuntu With Windows 10 Pro With BitLocker Encryption
            • How to Dual-Boot Ubuntu 20.04 (or 22.04) and Windows 10 with Encryption
          • Enable WPA Wireless access point in Ubuntu Linux
          • How To Check Your Ubuntu Version
          • Netplan
            • How to Use the Netplan Network Configuration Tool on Linux
          • News
            • The Official Microsoft Teams App For Linux is Being Retired
          • xRDP
            • Ubuntu 20.04
              • Ubuntu 20.04 Remote Desktop Access from Windows 10
            • Ubuntu 18.04
              • How to Establish Remote Desktop Access to Ubuntu From Windows
              • Issues with xRDP and Ubuntu 18.04.2 - How to fix it
              • Ubuntu 18.04 xrdp authentication is required to create a color managed device
              • xRDP - The Infamous "Authentication Required to Create Managed Color Device" Explained
        • Troubleshooting
          • Desktop takes time to show up after entering password on login screen
          • Ubuntu Freezing at Boot Screen
        • Tutorials
          • Create a bootable USB stick on macOS
          • Create a bootable USB stick on Ubuntu
          • Create a bootable USB stick on Windows
          • How to verify your Ubuntu download
          • Install Ubuntu desktop
        • Ubuntu Desktop
          • Download
          • Installation guide
        • Ubuntu Documentation
          • Community Help Wiki
            • Customizing Bash Prompt
        • Ubuntu Server
          • Download
          • Installation instructions
        • Wikipedia
  • Resources
    • ELKS - Embeddable Linux Kernel Subset
    • Links2Linux.de
      • PackMan
    • Linux Center
    • Linux.com
    • LinuxHowtos.org
    • Linux Links
    • Linux Online
    • Software
      • freshmeat.net
      • Rpmfind.Net
    • The Linux Foundation
      • OpenPrinting - (also at www.linuxprinting.org)
    • The Linux Documentation Project
      • Guides
        • The Linux Kernel
      • HOWTOs
        • Program Library HOWTO
  • Tools
    • The 4 Best Linux Email Clients
    • The 10 Best Linux Email Clients
    • xrandr
      • How to use xrandr
  • Topics
    • Backup
      • A simple Linux backup method
        • Simple Linux Backup Software
      • Remote backups using ssh and rsync
    • bash
      • Brace expansion
    • Colours in the ls command
      • What do the different colors mean in ls?
      • What causes this green background in ls output?
      • Bash - dircolors: modify color settings globaly
    • Device Drivers
      • Writing device drivers in Linux: A brief tutorial
      • /dev/hello_world: A Simple Introduction to Device Drivers under Linux
    • Disks and File Systems
      • Creating File Systems
        • Create, mount, unmount and use ext2, ext3 and ext4 file systems
        • How to Format a USB External Hard Drive for Linux
        • How To Format New External Drive (with YaST)
        • Ubuntu Linux format USB pen drive
      • Guide to Linux Filesystem Mastery
      • How to: Mount an ISO image under Linux
      • Installation of your Quantum ATA Hard Disk Drive
      • NVMe drives
        • Understanding plain Linux NVMe device names
        • Why does Linux list NVMe drives as /dev/nvme0 instead of /dev/sda?
      • tuXfiles - Linux file systems and directories
        • How to edit and understand /etc/fstab
        • How to mount partitions and filesystems in Linux
      • USB Drives
        • How to find and mount a USB device in SUSE & openSUSE
        • Manually Mounting a USB Flash Drive in Linux
        • Why won't my USB hard drive stay mounted without constant disk access?
      • Wiping a hard drive
        • 3 Best Ways to Securely Wipe Disk in Linux Using Command Line
        • Wiping a Hard Drive with DD
    • Filesystem Hierarchy Standard
      • procfs
    • Live Booting Linux
    • Memory Management
      • Linux ate my ram!
      • Overview of memory management
    • Processes
      • How to get the process start date and time
    • systemd
  • Tutorials
    • LinuxPlanet
      • Adding Additional Hard Drives in Linux
    • SSH Tutorial for Linux
• Microsoft Windows
  • Backup & Recovery
    • Create a recovery drive
    • Create a system image
      • How to Back Up and Restore an Image File of Windows 10
      • How to: Create a system image in Windows 10
      • How to make a full backup of a Windows 10 or Windows 8.1 PC
    • How to Use All of Windows 10's Backup and Recovery Tools
    • Windows mit Systemwiederherstellung retten oder reparieren
  • Cisco VPN Client
    • Installation Guide
    • How to enable a Cisco IPSec VPN client to connect to a Cisco VPN concentrator through ISA Server 2000
  • Tips
    • Determine process uptime
  • Wikipedia
• NeXTSTEP
• OS-9
  • Microware Systems Corporation
• Solaris
• Unix
  • History of Unix
    • Evolution
  • Filesystem Hierarchy Standard
    • /etc
      • Meaning
        • According to Brian W. Kernighan and Rob Pike: et cetera
      • Under /etc: A Simple Guide
  • SunHELP: Serial Port Resources
    • Tutorials on Solaris/SunOS Modems and Terminals
      • Celeste's Tutorial on Solaris 2.x Modems and Terminals
  • Tools
    • Classic (pipable) Unix Tools
      • sed
    • CUPS
      • CUPS.org
        • Help
          • Command-Line Printer Administration
          • Using Network Printers
      • The Luxury of Ignorance: An Open-Source Horror Story
      • Wikipedia
  • Unix on Windows NT
    • Interix

Last updated on
by Ian Glendinning